Intel terms: https://stackoverflow.com/a/41616657/5678759
Cheat Sheet: http://www.jegerlehner.ch/intel/
Effective Address
[base_reg + index_reg*scale + displacement]
Reference: https://stackoverflow.com/a/36704482/5678759
Segment Registers
The 8086 CPU has 4 segment registers (later CPUs gained 2 more). These registers are used to workaround the 64k address space limitations of the 16bit registers by letting you freely relocate your base address (i.e. zero).
- CS - Code Segment (works with the IP Instruction Pointer register)
- DS - Data Segment
- SS - Stack Segment (works with the SP Stack Pointer register)
- ES - Extra Segment
CS
ES (with DI and DF)
The ES or Extra Segment register is like the name suggests: an extra or spare segment you can use for whatever you want… as long as what you want is to write/compare with memory. There are only a handful of instructions supported by the ES register.
- SCASB - Compare bytes in ES:[DI] and AL
- SCASW - Compare words in ES:[DI] and AX
- CMPSB - Compare bytes ES:[DI] and DS:[SI]
- CMPSW - Compare words ES:[DI] and DS:[SI]
- STOSB - Copy byte to ES:[DI] from AL, and increment (or decrement) DI
- STOSW - Copy word to ES:[DI] from AX, and increment (or decrement) DI by 2
- MOVSB - Copy byte to ES:[DI] from DS:[EI], and increment (or decrement) DI and SI
- MOVSW - Copy word to ES:[DI] from DS:[EI], and increment (or decrement) DI and SI by 2 each
So in general, ES is used primarily as an output segment. It can be used in tandem with DS (Data Segment), or with AL (byte) and AX (word).
ES is always used with the DI Destination Index register and the DF Direction Flag register.
The value of DI is automatically changed when used (incremented or decremented). In addition, DI can be modified with any instruction that can affect a reg16.
The direction can be controlled with a pair of instructions.
- CLD - Clear Direction Flag (i.e. increment)
- STD - Set Direction Flag (i.e. decrement)
IMPORTANT: you cannot independently pick directions for the DI and SI registers.